This working paper aims to critique the emergence of microcredentials in vocational education and training. It argues that considering microcredentials as a new tool to reorient higher or academic education overlooks the potential of vocational and professional education as well as its aim to...

This paper constructs the first estimates of Irish regional GDP over the twentieth century and traces the relative economic performance of Ireland's regions since independence. Using an array of data sources available at a county level, output in Agriculture, Industry and Services in benchmark...

One of the main challenges when analyzing multinational firms (MNEs) is that this group is comprised of a rich variety of firms engaged in a spectrum of activity. In response to the separate models describing one type of MNE or another, the Knowledge Capital model was developed in order to...

Minimum wages decrease employment in competitive markets, but can increase it in monopsonistic markets so long as they do not exceed the marginal product of labour. We find evidence of non-monotonicity both by market structure and minimum wage level. Minimum wage hikes initially increase hours...

We study the effects of the unionization of faculty at Canadian universities from 1970-2022 using an event-study design. Using administrative data which covers the full universe of faculty salaries, we find strong evidence that unionization leads to both average salary gains and compression of...