Twenty years have passed since the largest enlargement of the European Union in history. During the eastern enlargement, 10 new member states entered the union, seven of which belonged to the former Eastern bloc. The new members have since experienced astonishing growth rates, closing the large...

Twenty years after the EU accession of the Visegrád countries-- Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary - we analyse their development of unit labour costs and of the labour share in manufacturing for the years 1995 to 2023. Firstly, the labour shares in the Visegrád countries have...

The twenty years since the Eastern Enlargement of the EU in 2004 have generally borne out the hopes that at the time were placed in what was seen as the reunification of the continent. Economic performance in the new member states have steadily converged with those in the EU15. The substantial...

In the 2004 Eastern enlargement, free movement in the EU for citizens of the new member states applied only from the date of accession - or even later in those ‘old’ member states that used long transition periods. However, refugees from Ukraine now live and work freely throughout the EU and...

Immer wieder werden die sinkenden Stromgestehungskosten erneuerbarer Energien herangezogen, um zu argumentieren, dass die Stromkosten in Deutschland sinken werden. Die Stromgestehungskosten stellen jedoch keine belastbare Grundlage für die Einschätzung der zukünftigen Stromkosten dar....

Die Zeitenwende nach dem russischen Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine und die dadurch verschärfte Debatte über wirtschaftliche Sicherheit, strategische Autonomie und kritische Importabhängigkeiten haben zu Recht dazu geführt, dass Staatseingriffe stärker diskutiert werden. Kritische...