Abstract International tourism is a main sector of economy that witnesses continuous and tremendous growth in developed and developing countries and expresses destabilization by several factors including climate change. Being considered as a sensitive sector to climate, tourism shows, through...

Abstract Objectives Recent studies show that Test Positivity Rate (TPR) gains a better correlation than incidence with the number of hospitalized patients in COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, epidemiologists remain sceptical concerning the widespread use of this metric for surveillance, and...

Abstract This study conducts a comparative analysis of selected emissions trading systems (ETS) by examining them in terms of cost efficiency and jurisdictional authority overlap. Findings show that, the selected allowances markets generally exhibit cost inefficiency as manifested by price...

Abstract Using a game-theoretic analysis, this study aims to investigate which of the “all or nothing” and “pro rata” methods, regarding the sanction against the breach of duty to disclose in insurance contracts by negligence, is better from two perspectives: one is in terms of how much...

Abstract Analysts often use data-driven approaches to supplement their knowledge when selecting covariates for effect estimation. Multiple variable selection procedures for causal effect estimation have been devised in recent years, but additional developments are still required to adequately...

Abstract Statistical power is often a concern for clustered randomized control trials (RCTs) due to variance inflation from design effects and the high cost of adding study clusters (such as hospitals, schools, or communities). While covariate pre-specification can improve power for estimating...

Abstract The world is no stranger to crises, and social enterprises struggle to both survive and deliver on mission. This study explores how public interventions can facilitate economic recovery through targeted assistance to social enterprises, specifically the Italian social cooperative....

Abstract We study the selection of adjustment sets for estimating the interventional mean under an individualized treatment rule. We assume a non-parametric causal graphical model with, possibly, hidden variables and at least one adjustment set composed of observable variables. Moreover, we...

Abstract The main focus of this article is on the study of properties and characterizations of dynamic survival extropy and its scaled version. Its relation with other well-known measures is also discussed. A simple nonparametric estimator and a nonparametric estimator based on the kernel are...

Abstract Recent interest in the external validity of prediction models (i.e., the problem of different train and test distributions, known as dataset shift ) has produced many methods for finding predictive distributions that are invariant to dataset shifts and can be used for prediction in new,...